Belong: Charlie Day and Jasper Jones

Hello on the whole, I am here to put forth my ideas about my perception of belong via reading Jasper Jones by Craig Silvey, and The Happiest Refugee by Anh Do. But first onward, what is Belonging? Belonging I expression, is when you have your mates around you, and youre having a good time, knowing who everyone is, meet in basically. But on that point can be other parts of belonging when you dont really know people. For example, belonging to a school, but whilst belonging to it, you could comfort be bullied or harassed.Whilst I was reading Jasper Jones, I came to notice that Carlie, the main character and narrator of this story, belonged to his own world inside his head, where he stores words, as if its a prize, but he cannot flaunt them, for the town is a mining town, and it would seem that he is trying to be better than them, just because he seeks education. But buttocks to Charlie, he loves to read, and express his stepings on paper, where he can just dive into his own pool of creative ideas, and thats where he truly feels he belongs.Then I go over to The Happiest Refugee and delve into its bindings, and try to find out if Anh belonged in the Australian culture, and whilst there was was some ups and downs for him, he finally came to. He met a girl, they shared niggardliness and he had his local sports footy club, where he belonged to both. But did Charlie feel as if he belonged to his family? I didnt think so. His mother acted as if she she just had to put up with them, because of her sequestered love life from afar with another man.She didnt think they were worthy of her presence, and if you read the book, you could see the dialogue in which the mother and father had intensive arguments about not talking to each other, the father drifting away and just locking himself in his room. There is also a video which I think is interestign to watch, it was called Who do you think you are? And this episode was for Christine Anus family, and her search for he r family heritage.After she was famous and now considerably old, she is now just beginning to wonder who her other family members are, thinking she does not feel as if she belongs to anything, as she has no idea what her family was like. So they go off an an adventure, and discover the family members, and Christine gets emotional for each member found, and it is a fascinating watch. But to her, as I said, to belong was for knowing who her family members were, what they did, what they acted like.Now back to Anh, and his belonging to his football club, at first in school, some people tried to outcast him, make him feel bad, and that was one of the teachers for Anhs classes, where they were supposed to make posters about how they hated the asian race, despite Anh being there. But I dont think it phased him as much as the teacher wanted it to, in fact, he strived to make himself belong further, to make the teacher accept him, and he eventually did, but Anh didnt feel right about it.And there was one bit in the book, when a member from the other football side they were playing called him a gook, and Anhs team mates heard him say that and went on to thump that player as much as they could every time he got the ball in his possession. So that showed his belonging to the team, whilst when they finish the match, they go off on their different ways a bit like Jasper Jones.Now I dont think Jasper Jones ever truly belonged to everyone, I dont believe he had any friends, the entire town hated him, perhaps for his race, or the fact that he steals, and they then push all blame onto him. Then when Jasper found the horrifying scene in the glades, and came to Charlie for help, I think that is when he genuinely had someone to belong to, to confide in, to tell him things, to let it all out.I mean, all the boys grudgingly admired his footy skills, and the girls were all tearing about him in secret, but still nobody approached him, just as no one approached Charlie, and that is p robably what compelled Jasper to knock on his window that night, to share with him all those things, to take the adventure together. This is my perception of belonging, and I will most likely never understand the concept of it completely, but I have typed out what I think of it, throughout the three texts that I have had to talk about.

Can Personality Be Changed Essay

The paper is very well conducted in my opinion because hey deal looked at the in-between part of disposition by examining acquired and transposeable beliefs. They have seen that they underlie many patterns of adaptive functioning, and that they have unique implications for understanding personality culture and personality change. There are a few different things that we have learned so far that support Dwecks argument. In chapter 3 page 42, it dialogue about Moral Development and how it changes the ability to decide whats right and whats wrong.When someone has to make decisions they go by whats best for them and the counseling they chose whats best or them is by what their personality can handle. In chapter 3 page 43 it says that in adolescence they go through physiological changes where the competitiveness with parents increase, they have mood swings, depressions becomes a factor, they encounter rule breaking behavior, and their peers become important. So during that age peri od is when the peers have a big influence on a teenagers personality. Although there are many thing that I have learned that supports Dwecks argument there are also things that play off her argument.On page 42 chapter 3 it states that people ages 12 and bove are capable of abstract thinking, comparing and classifying ideas, and thinking about future possibilities. So in those ages they tend to have a mind of their own and are less influenced by the people they are around. On august 7, 2010 they did a study on how personality is genetically enhanced. So with personality being passed down genetically its always in your genes and that it will be a part of you forever. If personality can be changed then how can it be in your genes? Personality is a personal trait that developed by your personal behaviors and utlooks on things.I personally like this article because I can relate to it. Being a teenager myself I notice how peers can have the biggest impact on how I may feel sometimes or m ay want to respond to certain situations. I also know that some people change around the different groups they hang around with. I know that the way people may act or boss, or parents. I personally turn int agree with the article that personality can be changed I think your personality cant change I feel that you beneficial grow to be more mature and can determine whats right and what wrong.

Cell Phones: Addicting or Not? Essay

Are we abandoned to our cell knells? This is a common question that has arisen in the past several years as our phone technology and capabilities continue to growth. According to recent statistics, 85% of the U.S. population argon cell phone users (Chen).We Ameri toilettes use our cell phones to do just near everything. We address, text, promise our E-mail, surf the Internet, and interact in social networking, all on our phones. Because our phones have give mode so resourceful to us in our everyday lives, many say that cell phones have change state addicting. Cell phones in todays life have become very addicting to many state, and there are many ways in which to show how they are addicting.An addiction is the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit- forming, such as narcotics, to such an design that its cessation causes severe trauma (dictionary.com). Addiction is when a person becomes dependent on somethi ng and feels like they cant go without it. For example, a person who is addicted to drugs or alcohol cannot go without that meat or drink without suffering from physical or psychological problems. Whenever they are away from it or withdrawn from it that is all they think about and they testament do anything to get what they need to satisfy the craving. These individuals become dependent upon that substance or act and feel like they cannot go without it.The usage of cell phones has become very addicting for the flock in the world today. David Greenfield, a psychologist who is an expert on Internet-related behaviors, says that constant and continual use of untethered devices produces chemical responses in the body similar to gambling (Tanaka, and Terry-Cobo). We tote our iPhones, LGs and Blackberrys with us so we can contact anyone, anywhere, anytime, and so we can be reached instantly (Tanaka, and Terry-Cobo). In todays world, people depend on their cell phone for their businesses , their social lives, and for gaming. They have become so dependent upon their cell phones that many people no longer have the land-line phone in their house or their business.Business men and women have become so dependent on their cell phones that they now have become addicted. It would be almost impossible to find a business man or woman who does not carry a cell phone with them twenty-four hours a day. They use them to call and meet new clients to gain business. They use them to talk with workers and keep up with what is going on back the office as they travel. They can use them as reminders of meeting and when things are due as tumesce as the activities they go through in everyday life. The way the business people use their cell phones has led to an increase in businesss efficiency and with increased efficiency at which people can work the cell phone leads that person to being more dependent upon their cell phone.Additionally, people use their cell phones as a way to keep up w ith their social life. People use their cell phones in their social life to the extent that without their phone they feel totally alone. This connection between phone and social life is the reason cell phones are so addicting. They can call from almost anywhere in the world. They can text someone when the time is not chasten to call or when they dont want to talk. They can check Facebook, Twitter, E-mail, and even the news, from the convenience of their mobile phone. Lisa Merlo, an assistant professor of psychiatry in the University of Florida College of Medicine, said, Its this need to be connected, to know whats going on and be available to other people.Thats one of the hallmarks of cell phone addiction. (cellular-news) The ways that phones make it easier to communicate with people causes them to use the cell phones more and more as a way to communicate. This increased usage causes people to become more dependent and thereby addicted to their phone. People have become so addicted to their cell phones they have chosen their phones over a long-term relationship. Psychologist David Sheffield said, The most shocking figure was that 7 percent (of students surveyed) said the use of mobile phones had caused them to pretermit a relationship or a job. (cellular-news)Another way that cell phones are addicting is because people use their phones to play an assortment of games. There are millions of games that people can play just by simply downloading a game or application to their phones.People no longer have to stay at home and play their games on a gaming device or computer. Now they can play games away from their homes and pretty much wherever and whenever they want. umteen times people try to carry on face-to-face conversations while being distracted while gaming on their cell phone. This feeling of sempiternal and uncontained gaming is yet another way that people get hooked to their cell phones. Experts say cell phone usage will only increase as the phones bec ome more sophisticated and powerful, likely replacing lap happens in the future.(Tanaka, and Terry-Cobo)Cell phones are used by so many people and do so many things to help people that they have become a fatality, rather than a convenience, in order for people to carry on their lives. This necessity or dependency is the addiction that people face with their cell phones. When these people lose or break their phones they panic, feel anxiety and look for the quickest way to fix the problem. For example, the car needs the oil changed and at the same time the phone is broken. Most people today will put their phones as top priority and get it fixed before repairing their car. This choice is a true indication of cell phone addiction. Peoples cell phones have become part of their daily life, and they are so dependent on their phones that they cannot function without them.When that phone is taken away, people just dont feel right or feel like they cant function without their phones. People feel that it is so necessary to impart their cell phone bill, that they will pay that bill before they pay their rent. These actions of not being able to go without are cell phone is what defines an addiction. Therefore, cell phones are in fact an addiction. As additional proof of this addiction, try leaving your phone at home tomorrow. Will you return home to get your cell phone even if it doer being late to work or school? If you do not return home to get your phone, how many times throughout the day will you wonder who has called or texted you? Are you missing an emergency? Will you rush home to check it? A yes response to any of these questions is an indication of cell phone addiction. Try this simple test and you will agree that cell phones are indeed addicting.Works CitedAddiction. _Dictionary.com Unabridged._ Random House, Inc. (2012) Web. 12 March 2012..Cellphone use comely a major problem for some. _cellular-news_. cellular-news, 22 January2007 . Web. 12 Mar 2012. .Chen, Brian. Gadget Lab. _Wired_. Wired, 15 Oct 2010. Web. 15 Mar 2012..Meyer, Michele. Cutting the Cellphone Cord. _Shape_ 2002 26-. _ProQuest Research__Library._ Web. 15 Mar. 2012 .Tanaka, Wendy, and Sara Terry-Cobo. Cellphone Addiction. _Forbes.com_. Forbes, (2008)Web. 10 Mar. 2012. .

Enzyme Lab

Purpose and BackgroundThe purpose of this lab is to explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological answers in assorted temperatures. This lab relates to enzymes, proteins, and substratums that we learned in class. The union of the enzyme and the substrate is called the enzyme-substrate complex. The make-up of an enzyme is proteins and made up of chains and amino acids.Enzymes are considered to be organic catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions that might otherwise take too long to occur and be of use in the trunk. They also allow reactions to occur in regions of the body that are unfavorable because of the level of pH or the lack of heat. HypothesisA reused and ground enzyme will have the greatest reactions compared to the other types of enzymes. Materials 1. Avocado 2.Petri Dish 3.Hydrogen Peroxide 4.Vinegar 5.Vinegar SubstrateProcedure1.Place a small piece of cooked aguacate/avocado/soaked avocado in a Petri dish. 2.Place 10 drops of hydrogen peroxide/vinegar substrate on the avocado 3.Observe for enzyme activity by looking for bubbles4.Rate the amount of oxygen bubbles produced on a scale of 1-5 5.Record your data in the chartDataConclusionAfter placing 10 drops of hydrogen peroxide and vinegar substrate in the assorted forms of avocado, the results were interesting. The ground and reused enzyme had the most evident reactions. It also shows me that enzymes can be reused, because of the reaction rating. Enzymes can be affected by temperatures because the regular enzyme reaction is low. Also enzymes arent affected by pH because it had a low reaction. Enzymes are specific because different types of enzymes work for different substrates.DiscussionMy hypothesis was supported and be in the lab. I predicted that the ground and reused enzyme would have the greatest reaction rating, and they did. Evidence that occurred in the lab would be the hydrogen peroxide and vinegar substrate dropped onto the different forms of enzymes. I dont think any improveme nts can be made, the lab was straight forward and proved what needed to be known

Femicide in Guatemala Essay

Femicide in Guatemala Six women and girls were killed in Guatemala last week in one daytime alone. Two of the girls, about 6 and 12 classs old, were found strangled to death in a street in the capital Guatemala City vesture their pajamas (Moloney 1). Guatemala has the third highest rate of Femicide in the world. Femicide is defined as the killing of a woman by a man because she is a female. In Guatemala, a significantly high number of femicide cases have been account and I strongly believe that this is a very troublesome and unhealthy issue for the creation.More than 3800 females have been murder in Guatemala since the year 2000 and this is just the official number. This clearly suggests that numerous candid women argon tortured and killed by men each day throughout the division. another(prenominal) report suggests that 512 women were killed between January 1 and October 16 in the year 2012 alone and this is after a 10 percent decline from the previous year. (PCUSA, 1) Most o f these cases were reported in the province of Guatemala, which includes the countrys largest city and capital. The fact that this number is still so high despite the drop suggests what an urgent issue this is. there argon various reasons for this violent victimization of women throughout Guatemala and is fair an increasingly pressing issue which needs serious attention. It has been reported that this region is one of the unsecured areas in the world for women. Each day countless women are raped, mutated, forced into sexual slavery and abortions, sterilized and murdered. This creates a sense of fear among the entire population and makes them more submissive to this brutality. Men and women throughout the country live their lives in immense anxiety and stress of losing the women that they love.One of the main concerns regarding femicide is impunity, meaning that most of these cases are not brought to trial. Reports suggest that only 1%-2% of femicide cases are prosecuted whereas cr iminals have a 98% to 99% chance of completely escaping any punishment or prosecution. This poses a huge problem because women dont get the justice that they deserve and criminals easily escape. This is very unfair for the innocent women who are victims of such crimes because their offenders dont receive the punishment that they deserve. Another main reason for this exigent issue is the inability of theGuatemalan authorities to ensure the safety of women. This is to say that the Guatemalan presidency is so corrupt that they are unable to provide security for women and with the extremely high rate of impunity it is almost impossible for women to find justice. Now, it is very important to picture why these gender specific crimes exist in the region. One of the main reasons for this violent targeting of women goes back to the Guatemalan goernment and militarys 36 year old genocidal counterinsurgency campaign against the countrys Mayan population (Mychalejko 1).This is to say that the reason behind this problem of femicide exists to destroy the intricate social bonds of Mayan communities. Additionally, Gender fierceness not only terrorizes women in the community, but it also disrupts traditional patriarchal gender relations by sending the message to men that they are not capable of protecting women (Mychalejko 1). I find this medium of using gender madness to target an indigenous population very disappointing. It is not ethical for a population to kill thousands of women in order to get even with a community.Further, it is believed that this harsh behavior against women is really effecting the male population because such incidents happen so frequently that they are becoming insensitive to such incidents. Men in the Guatemalan society have become normalized to such reports and this can be seen because the crimes are continuing to become more inhumane and frequent. As mentioned above, one of the primary reasons for this ongoing violence against women is the Gua temalan Civil fight, which left behind harsh memories of violence and impunity.The increased militarization cause by the ongoing war on medicines also continues to contribute to these high femicide rates. Guatemala is one of the regions strongly involved in the drug trade and thus women are utilise as collateral damage in the battle between gangs. Additionally, the economic and semipolitical climate in the region is not very stable and thus the land a resource conflict also contributes to these innocent deaths. Lastly, it has also been found that the increased involvement of inappropriate governments, especially US and Canada play an important role in this violence targeted to women.Basically, the Guatemalan government uses the targeting of women as a tactical and deliberate tool of political repression (Mychalejko 2). In my personal opinion, not only is this very disturbing but it is also very unfair. Women play an important role in building a society and this unnecessary viol ence against them is very alarming. Using women as a bait to target the bigger economic and political issues is unethical and should not be practiced by any government. It is impossible for women to find hope and justice in a society where such high impunity exists.This continues to be a immortal cycle for thousands of innocent women who lose their lives, while the people responsible are let free. Overall this is an absolute shame and mockery of the system. The Guatemalan civil war really contributes to these high rates of gender violence in the country. The aftermath of the war left more than 200,000 Guatemalans murdered, most of who were indigenous. Also, thousands were raped, tortured, disappeared and displaced. The most disappointing part however, is that over 98 percent of the people who engaged in these war crimes were left free.It is this lack of justice that left criminals in the country in power and innocent victims hurt. Therefore, these high rates of femicide are to info rm the local population about this harsh past and to remind them that justice has not yet come. In conclusion, I think that we must all focus our attention to this increasing issue of femicide in Guatemala. In the new-fangled times, as the political repression against women in increasing, they are becoming more active in order to prevent femicide.For example, In Guatemala it has been proven that as more women participate politically and socially, it brings out more repression. An example is the recent attempt on the life of the aforementioned anti-mining activist Yolanda Oqueli (Mychalejko 3). Yolanda is a leader of FRENAM, a movement that aims to defend land from expansion activities. She was returning home from a inactive protest when she was shot. I believe that this issue of femicide is one that needs immediate attention.It is absolutely wrong and immoral to use a countrys women as a way of gaining political control. Additionally, the Guatemalan government is extremely corrupt ed and has a very high rate of impunity, which in turn, allows criminals to go free and maybe even commit the crime again. I suggest that the citizens of the world acknowledge this and do an intervention throughout the region. It is high time that women not be used as a bait to target men or to settle past scores. Women are an integral part of any society and deserve pry and security.

Career Goals

Career Goals Passing the GEED offer be a challenge for you to pressurise in your career. Even if you arent suitable in pursuing long term post-secondary education, your new documentation can help you gets access to professional training programs at community colleges and vocational schools. Your GEED transcript can as well as help you get through the doors with a surplus of new handicrafts or advance within your period company. The Job market reports that 96% of employer preference, any(prenominal)one with a high school equivalency retention for eligibility for both hiring and promotion.The Job market will become fertile with opportunity for you. If youre not currently employed, put your new credential on your resume and consider contacting the career services center at the institution at which you took the GEED examination do not solitary you self. Many adult education centers and other testing locations have some principal that they go by and can help you prepare for your J ob search. If youre dependent with your current many, acquire your boss to meet with you, as peculiar as it may seem.Tell him or her about your recent proceeding and find out if it opens up any new opportunities for you within the company. You may not be offered a promotion right away, but earning your GEED credential may transform you to apply for one at the stamp down time. My computer josh

Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Kpop Music

Pinoy Youths choice for KPOP (Korean Pop) harmony How does it chance on their adjudicate for OPM ( master copy Pilipino practice of medicine)? CHAPTER IV look into METHODOLOGY This particular research pick out aims to gear up the Pinoy Youths Preference for Korean Pop medication and how does it act their taste for pilot program Pilipino symphony (OPM).Regarding this, the researchers provide adjudicate to know whether factors worry one and only(a) shot and practice of medicine constitution of Korean Popular Music really run into the Pinoy teenagers taste towards pilot light Pilipino Music In addition, the researchers want to distinguish the respondents ( womanish residents of the University of the Philippines Cebu College Dormitory and other chosen school-age childs in UPVCC) view toward Korean Pop medicine as well as their outlook in the overlord Pilipino Music (OPM).Moreover, this study would identify if the students harmony taste would affect their sense o f nationalism. In doing this, the researchers ga thered randomness which leave al integrity help in achieving the goal of the researchers. This would serve as support to the current research study. RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT This study pull up stakes be conducted at the University of the Philippines Cebu College (UPVCC). The location allow be the University of the Philippines Campus in Gorordo driveway Lahug Cebu City. The place is accessible to the researchers for they would not spend much time travelling.The researchers choose the local anesthetice since iodin of the researchers is before long residing in the dormitory and because it is more accessible in terms of distri excepting the sentiment questionnaires. RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS The major pertain of choosing respondents would be the residents staying in the UP dormitory which consists of 9 rooms with 53 student residents but the researchers respondents be on to chosen female dormers only. On the other hand, there entrust also be near respondents who do not stay in the dormitory but still female students in the University of the Philippines Cebu College.RESEARCH shaft Simple random sampling was dvirtuoso for the hear selection. This sampling method acting is conducted where each member of a population has an cope with opportunity to turn over part of the sample. As all members of the population earn an equal chance of becoming a research participant, this is said to be the most efficient sampling procedure. The researchers will list down all the names of the female respondents. aft(prenominal) that, the researchers will use the fishbowl technique and will randomly pick 15 out of these 32 respondents including the chosen respondents not staying in the dormitory.The researchers distinguishable to use this fishbowl technique since all the respondents atomic number 18 females and would only choose by way of get by by lots. This method involves the selection of the sample at random from the sa mpling frame by the use of random number tables (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2003). Numbers were assigned for each respondent in the master list. These poetry were written on charms of paper and drawn from a box the process was repeated until the sample sizing was reached. This research study will use a subject questionnaire as a research tool.The survey will be arranged basing on the factors that affect the respondents alter inbred toward Korean Pop Music and how it affects their taste to Original Pilipino Music (OPM). there atomic number 18 4 factors that the researchers consider. These be the respondents outlook towards the performers of the Korean Pop Music and Original Pilipino Music, the rhythm of medical specialty that K-pop and OPM medication brings, as well as practice of medicines composition and the message being delivered by both K-pop and OPM music. Every factor will be stated in a form of table.The researchers prep ard an introductory part for survey consis ting of 3 questions involving whether the respondents ar into K-pop music or OPM Music. One of the questions determines what music does the respondent like from the two choices, the Korean Pop Music or the Original Pilipino Music. The second question is just link to a supporting answer to question number one in which the choices pertains to the time that the respondents often listens to her preferred music. Below the introductory question will be 2 tables, one for K-pop music and the other one is for OPM music. The two tables are divided into 5 columns.These columns would serve as the respondents ratings from 1 to 5 and 5 as the most appreciated towards K-pop and OPM Music. Each factor consists of 3 phrases related to the factor revealed. As mentioned earlier, one factor that affects the respondents orientation toward music is the performers. The second factor involves the pattern of beats that the music contains. The third one relates to the lyrics of the music and how the mess age is being delivered to the listeners or audience. The researchers provide a survey questionnaire with a letter of permission to the chosen respondents.If the respondents approved the letter, they would answer the questionnaire automatically. If not, the researchers would pick another respondent and will answer directly to the survey questionnaire aft(prenominal) approval. The respondents would just directly answer the questions with no time limit. After the respondents have completed answering the questions, the questionnaire will be collected. DATA ANALYSIS The researchers would and then tally the results obtained. The results will then be tabulated. After that, thorough analysis should be done and the results would then be interpreted.This will be done by calculating the results using the Chi-Square Test for Independence. The researchers decided to use this type of prove for it is applicable whether there is a relationship between two inconsistents. In this study, the relat ionship between Pinoy Youths Preference towards K-pop Music and OPM Music is being described. This type of test actually involves statistics. As said earlier, the chi-square test is utilize to determine whether there is a signifi hatfult variation between the normal frequencies and the experimental frequencies in one or more categories.The Chi-Square statistic compares the tallies or counts of categorical responses between two or more independent groups(Maben, 2009). In so doing, the researchers would be helped by the Chi-Square test in determining Pinoy Youths Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). CHAPTER III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK several(prenominal) theories have been profited and analyzed in this research study to help determine the factors causing an somebody to affect his/her attitude due to the type of music he/she prefers.A theory of Rudolf Radocy and David Boyle (2003) contends that musical preference is mor e than an interaction of inherent musical characteristics and man-to-man psychological and social inconstants (p. 371). They cite the work of Abeles (1980) who, after a thorough review of the pertinent literature, concluded that spirit factors and emotional states were related to preference, but not in a clear cut aspect. Moreover, Radocy and Boyle (2003) stress out that music preference might be inclined by the factors of environment such as institutions, experiences, group gatherings, self-concept, mass media and among other things.Another theorist, Warren Prince (1972) developed a picture for music listening with a major premise that a listener is capable of more than one response pattern and more than one type of listening experience (p. 446). His trope is proposed as an initial effort to build a framework establish on crucial decisions on what variables and what relationships between variables are to be investigated (p. 446). In addition, his paradigm gives a graphic rep resentation of the variables in the listening process.Princes paradigm has three categories the listener variables, response patterns and a group of knowledge process variables. The variables in these three categories are interrelated indicating causal relationships. Below is the draw interpreting his paradigm. Figure 1. 5 Figure 1. 5 shows the proceed of Princes Music Listening Paradigm with the (1) listener variables that are located at the top which are directed through the listeners general state of attention, (2) response patterns at the center and the learning process variables are located at the bottom, and mostly has the function of feedback into the responses.Moreover, the reason why the listener variable is located on the top is that, it determines its behavior according to the influence that the environment is causing it. From here, these listeners can be able to provide their own response patterns (e. g. music materials) from what they get from the environments influ ence. This then makes the learning process variables take place giving the outcome and motion from what the listeners prefer. Another music listening preference theory was developed by Albert LeBlanc (1982). LeBlancs theory conceptualizes musical judgment as a vertical process.LeBlancs music listening preference theory covers a whole system of input information. He explains that a persons decision on music listening preference must take note unavoidable time sequence. He asserts that music is differently processed at different aims, which one involves personality characteristics. When Prince built his music listening theory, he considered his theory as an initial paradigm. He mentioned that an initial paradigm represents notional considerations not yet confirmed even though they may be supported powerfully by research evidence. A later paradigm or theoretical schema may bulge out as a result of many studies based on the initial paradigm. (p. 446) LeBlanc (1991) stated that h is sense modalityl has a different focus (music listening preference) from that of Prince (music listening). However, LeBlancs music listening preference theory can be classified as a later paradigm of a more specifically developed theoretical model for music listening paradigm. The theory developed by Robert Walker (1980) similarly characterizes musical preference as only indirectly related to personality and/or attitude factors.Walker asserts that liking is directly influence by musical complexity. He point out the idea that preference is modeled by a bell-curve which means that there is an optimal level of complexity that is most enjoyable. Both very low complexity and very gamey complexity are less enjoyable (p. 105). Individuals have particular optimal complexity levels, with deviations in either direction decreasing liking. Simplistic music might produce boredom piece overly complex music requires extensive processing that can decrease the likelihood that an individual wi ll continue attending to the music. (Perkins, p. 5) Walkers idea stresses out the fact and/or assertion that an individual, when introduced to a new manakin of music will probably like and abandon the previous preference or he/she would have the selfsame(prenominal) level of likeness to the both previous and new soft of music. This, then leads to the point where the individuals personality and/or attitude is greatly affected and influenced by the preference he/she chooses resulting to the creation of different views of the individual. Below is the diagram of the Theoretical exampleConceptual Framework instal on the ideas of the theories that were combined, the researcher came up with the above conceptualized framework. The music environment variables which include the institutions, experiences, group gatherings, self-concept and mass media are located at the top of the framework, followed by the second variablestudents that stimulate affected by the music environment. From thi s, the second variable could experience the exposure of the third variable which is considered to be the various types of music materials and response patterns.Then, they can assess their response patterns by weighing the dominance of the dominant music which becomes the fourth variable in the framework. Upon weighing the dominance, the students will learn to choose and prefer the more dominant kindhearted of music which then, formulates their views on it and the effect comes after. The variables in this framework are considered the specified factors following the points and ideas from the theories mentioned. In addition, the frameworks melt is also based on the things that the theories pointed out. Below is the diagram of the Conceptual FrameworkOperational Framework The variables featured on the operational framework as showed below are the most specified factors that become a background flow of the research study. Home, UP Grounds, television, palsvariables found at the top of the framework are part of music environment which functions as the ones mainly influencing the second variablethe selected UP Female Students. This student variable now becomes the dependent variable in a way that its reactions depend on a certain situation due to the process that takes place in the music environment.In reacting to the environment variable, students tend to reckon in their minds the response patternsKPOPs beat, rhythm, composition, styles and performersthat they get from the influence of the music environment. Having the response patterns settled, students will have a selection of one type of music leaving the other type. Appearing in the framework, the dominance of KPOP music on the preference of Pinoy Youth becomes the outcome gained from the response patterns.The dominance of KPOP music can possibly be assessed that Pinoy Youth will end up selecting and/or preferring KPOP music over OPM (original Pilipino music), which is another variable based on the framework. The effect of selecting Kpop over OPM by the Pinoy Youth will probably lead to the effect on their personality and/or attitude questioning now their sense of nationalism. In accordance with these analyses, the specific flow of ideas showed in the framework is only based on the points pondered by several theories provided in the previous pages having the views of the theorists, respectively.Below is the diagram of the Operational Framework CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The new generation today has been clear already to the different kinds and genres of music. From time to time music has been improved and made more entertaining than before. This has evolved from the native type of music to the modern kind of music in which most of the teenagers at present seems to like and appreciate. Most of the music nowadays are already been mixed up.Some music are from other countries that become pop and cognize to other neighboring countries and is still getting much popularity cos mopolitan. Butler (2006) defines music as an art of arranging across time. Music is part of almost every culture on Earth but it varies widely among cultures in means and structure. Music is a language of human mental image of communication with well developed rules of structure much like a form of sentence structure. An individual through music would be making interpretations based upon speech patterns like loud or napped rapid and bitten off, slow or smooth.According to Greeks (20th century), the beginning of music can be solved by theme where ancient people make up chants of religion, war, love and death through direct organization of nomenclature with the combination of body movements. Greek philosophers assumed that listening to music based on certain modes in use at that time was beneficial to the enhancement of the young persons character. With music, an individual can develop ones potential and positive outlooks in life (Butler (2006). Music is a mode of thought, a way o f thinking in tones. In addition, the usical mode of thought is a complex means of expressing a thought for the suggestion of ideas of beauty and emotions (Ferguson, 1959). With the help of rhythm, the message in music is delivered conveniently for rhythm contains everything that pertains to the forward movement of music in time. Rhythm is the pattern of beats in a piece of music. Mayol (1990) stated that music has existed from time immemorial archaeologists have unearthed traces of music in the most ancient society, ethnomusicologists have found it in even the most primitive tribal culture and scientists have claimed it present in space.Yet, no one has been able to established precisely when, where, why or how music originated. Mayol (1990) also claimed that there are new-fashioned theories proposing that in all cultures, music originated in a similar manner which was from a universal source (monogenesis) (p. 3). Ordinary people became uninterested with its beginning that for them it is a nonsense and worthless. But as time pass by, its implication and origin have brought sensation to their lives.And so, this made them vary their preferences towards the different kinds of music leading to other individuals conducting research and other related studies regarding with these behavior and choices. At present, there are already many types of music know to be famed. One of which is the popular music. Popular music pertains to a kind of music that is produced for a broader audience. This includes jazz, rock, rap music and many more. Popular music has three of the most measurable elements and these are language, beat and tune.This popular music originated in America in the year 1850-1950 (Yudkin,1996). In addition, popular music is typically vocal where everybody can sing more or less, and it has no formal raising because it is intended to appeal to the widest possible audience. Until now, this particular music is still being acknowledged and appreciated worldwid e including Philippines as well as other European countries. (Yudkin,1996). Regarding this popular music, Korean Pop or known as K-Pop is one of todays hits and famous music worldwide.Korean pop music is the well kind of music in the country of southeastern Korea today. K-pop music is just similar to western music. The only difference is their lyrics which are in the form of Korean. Hallyu is the word that means Korean wave. Part of the Korean wave is their overcome success not just in music but as well as in South Korean dramas and movies. The term Korean pop music does not only pertains to music but with accompaniment of movement that makes South Korea popular in Asia and neighboring countries from 1990s until present (Villano,2010).According to Hicap (2010), the making of Korean pop music also involves attractive young stars and their unique moves in dancing accompanied with how they trick out up. One of the newest and most famous is Rain, the male singer who became artist aft er his shooting in the Korean Drama Full House with the actress Song Hye Kyo. BoA is one of Koreas top female singers who has stand out the charts in Korea, then Japan and released an album in US. BoA worked in partnership with western artists and was cited as an influential artist in the 2004 MTV Asia awards.Others are bands and groups which are todays most known. One of them is the female group 2nel having a member who became famous in the Philippines before she reached her fame in Korea. Her name is Sandara Park. The next known group is the Wonder Girls, also a female group who was famous for their popular hit nothing which was loved by many Filipinos. Other group includes SS501, a male group that become famous after the inclusion of some of their songs in the soundtrack of the popular Boys Over Flowers and having their member Kim Hyun Jung.Todays known female group, the Girls generation who were trained in various aspects of the performing arts, has its own TV Series and they endorse products in Korea. There are still many known groups and artists that contributed to the success of the Korean Pop Music such as the Super Junior and Shinee group. These bands and groups made Korean Pop music be known (Hicap, 2010). Younger Korean musicians have already gained reputation, much popularity and appreciation as top performers in both concert and sport fields.In relation to this, youth around Asia especially Filipino youths have been affected by the outstanding effect not just to the K-pop music but also to other music from other countries (Kim,1985). A study by Fritzie Joy J. Dungog (1997) distinguishes the influence of Pinoy alternative music to the attitude of students towards local presidential term officials. Dungog utilize a three part questionnaire that asked questions pertaining to personal data, exposure questions and an attitudinal test. The questionnaire was distributed to 284 respondents.Based on the questionnaires she gave to the 284 respondents, the researcher found out that the respondents showed a high level of exposure to Pinoy Alternative Music and that the majority of respondents exhibited a positive approach towards their city governing officials. The study also revealed that there were no significant relationship between the attitudes of respondents toward their city local government officials and the frequency exposure to Pinoy Alternative Music(Dungog, (1997)). Dino Arnaldo A.Karganilla (1994) determines the effect of exposure to foreign music in FM send on the perception of high school students towards Filipino music. The study covered a sample size of 111 fourth year U. P. College High School attendees through a two-page questionnaire which were given to those 111 respondents. The instrument that Karganilla used in his study was a two paged questionnaire composed of three sections with an additional information part. The researcher spy that the respondents had a low level of exposure to foreign music and that the respondents had a favorable insight towards Original Pilipino Muisc (OPM).There was no connection between the respondents sexual category and rank of exposure that could influence their view towards Original Pinoy Music (OPM) and in turn, the exposure to foreign local FM stations did not bear a negative impact of the respondents toward Original Pilipino Music (OPM). A supplementary research study by Jessica Servande Losorata (2008) verifies whether Cebu local rock music airplay on Monster Radio BT 105. 9 has either a positive or a negative impact on selected rock bands that have played for Harakiri Mosh Production. A Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with selected ock bands that have played for Harakiri Mosh Production was the main method in gathering the data. A separate Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with Monster Radio BT 105. 9 listeners and online interviews with the stations manager and a representative of Harakiri Mosh Production were also conducted to gather additional info rmation (Losorata, (2008)). The researcher found out that the respondents were not devoted clients of radio. They had a low level of exposure to radio but their consciousness of its Cebu local rock music airplay was positive.The results of the study was been supported after the researcher interviewed Paolo Valera, known as Paolo Walker, the station manager of Monster Radio BT 105. 9 together with Shanette G. Mancao, one of the founder of Harakiri Mosh Production. For the respondents, the interviews and interactions were done through internet because of the interviewees schedule and activities. Another study by R. S. Holganza (1987) was all about the relationship between the exposure to foreign music in FM stations and the attitude of fourth year high school University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R) students towards Original Pilipino Music (OPM).This particular research was conducted to determine if there is a connection between the exposure to foreign music in local FM stations and t he attitude of fourth year USJ-R students toward OPM. The research was conducted inside the University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R) High School campus using one hundred fourth year male and female respondents from the different economic levels. The respondents exposure to foreign music was primed(p) by the number of hours spent listening to FM stations while the respondents attitude was measured by four OPM-related statements.The respondents in this specific study belonged to the same age level which was 16 to 17 with same educational attainment (fourth year high school). The researcher found out that the respondents were exposed to local FM stations whose programming was more on foreign music but the playing of foreign songs in FM stations seems not to decrease or slow down the popularity of the Original Pilipino Music (OPM). The add up of exposure to FM stations influenced the respondents liking of Filipino songs and the respondents over-all choice of song as verified by the r esults of the chi-square test was the Original Pilipino Music (OPM).A related study was conducted by Minni K. Ang and Miranda P. Yeoh (year) concerning the music preferences of Malayan students and KBSM Curriculum implications (explain). Ang and Yeoh nonionic this by preparing ten selection of ethnic-based Malaysian music and twenty selection of non ethnic related music consisting of ten popular music selections and ten western art music selections were used. Ratings of preferences, familiarity and musical training were equanimous from 139 randomly selected teenage students of two public schools in Serdang, Malaysia.The researchers discovered that the respondents preferred non-ethnic related music especially popular music. In addition, the interpreted results proved that the main factor affecting their preference for both ethnic-based Malaysian music and non ethnic-related music was their familiarity of the music (M. K. &Yeoh, 2002). These past studies serve as a basic foundation to this recent research which determines if factors like rhythm and music composition of Korean Popular Music really affect the Pinoy teenagers preference towards Original Pilipino Music and if this would affect their sense of nationalism.According to Malm (1977), there are explanations about the behavior observed with regards to the preference of Filipino youth. Malm said that early in the history back to the time where Philippines was colonized, the Filipino music traditions were mixed with Spanish-type of music which was distributed into the country. The Spanish influence becomes even stronger as one move toward Philippine urban culture Malm (1977). Malm (1977) claimed that Filipino possesses an attitude which comes from the experience of colonization, wherein it has adapted many music cultures from different neighboring countries in the history.Through this fact, it can now be related to the issue of choice of music that Filipino youth is experiencing with interest, specificall y its fascination towards Korean pop music. Additionally, they ought to love the unfamiliar type of music with amazement and astonishment to that kind of music. Regarding this concept, the popularity of the native music will declined slowly until it will no longer be known. According to Mayol (1990), the teddy of the Youths musical preference is due to the musics influential power that serves as a shaping force in determining the nature of the moral character of the populace.The power of music affecting a person was derived from its structure. The above mentioned cases and studies have shown that there is an effect or impact regarding the preference of Pinoy teenagers toward music. And the above researches would aid the current researchers to accomplish their study about the Pinoy Youths Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). This would serve as guiding principles in this latest study. Bibliography Books Hoffer, C. R. ( 1989). The Understanding of Music (sixth edition) Personal Preference in Music.United States of America. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. Kim, E. (1985). Facts About Korea Music and Dance. Seoul, Korea Malm, W. (1997). Music Cultures of the Pacific, the Near East and Asia (second edition) Philippines. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Mayol, P. (1990). The Development of Western Music Heritage from Antiquity. United States of America. Wm C. chocolate-brown Publishers Yudkin, J. (1996). Understanding Music Popular Music. 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